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Vyborg HVDC scheme
The Vyborg HVDC scheme is a system of electricity transmission from the Russian power system to Finland, using high-voltage direct current. It consists of four, 355 MW back-to-back converter blocks, the first three of which were completed in the early 1980s〔 Compendium of HVDC schemes, CIGRÉ (Technical Brochure No. 003 ), 1987, pp129-134.〕 and the last in January 2001. 〔 Ivakin,V.N., Kovalev, V.D., Lazarev,N.S., Lytaev,R.A., Mazurenko, A.K., Balyberdin, L.L., Kraichik, Y.S., Smirnov, A.A., (Experience of reconstruction and expansion of Vyborg back-to-back HVDC link ), CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2002, paper reference 14-103.〕 Much of the original converter equipment has been refurbished or modernised.
==History==
Electricity transmission from the 330 kV Russian (then the Soviet Union) system to the 400 kV Finnish system started in 1981. As the Russian and Finnish power systems are asynchronous, a direct AC connection was not possible and a HVDC-back-to-back station was needed. It was decided to build the substation near Vyborg in the Karelian ASSR. The first unit of the substation was commissioned in December 1981 followed by the second unit in the autumn 1982 and the third unit in the summer 1984. The system was manufactured by the Ministry for Electrotechnical Industry of the USSR.〔
〕 A fourth unit was added in 2001 〔 and the control and protection equipment of the three original poles has subsequently been modernised.〔 Tsfasman,G., Mazurenko,A., Mordcovich,A., Tarasov,A., Zmaznov,E., Bastunsky,A., Lubarsky,D., Prochan,G., Popov,A., Rossovsky, E., (New integrated control and protection system for VYBORG back-to-back HVDC link ), CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2008, paper reference B4-102.〕
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